Refrigerant GWP (Global Warming Potential) is a numerical rating measuring how much heat a refrigerant traps in the atmosphere over 100 years relative to carbon dioxide baseline of 1. GWP values directly indicate a refrigerant’s contribution to climate change, with higher numbers representing greater environmental impact. Common refrigerants range from GWP values of 0 for natural refrigerants to over 3,800 for some legacy compounds.
Measurement and Regulation
GWP is scientifically determined through radiative forcing calculations and approved by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The EPA uses GWP values to establish phase-down schedules and acceptable alternatives lists. R-410A has a GWP of 2,088, while newer R-454B measures 467, demonstrating the significant reduction achieved through modern refrigerant development.
Industry Impact
GWP regulations directly influence equipment manufacturing and refrigerant selection for HVAC professionals. Lower GWP choices reduce environmental liability and ensure long-term compliance with evolving standards. Understanding GWP helps technicians recommend appropriate refrigerants and systems that balance performance requirements with climate responsibility and regulatory adherence.