Air filtration removes particulate contaminants including dust, pollen, and debris from indoor air using mechanical filter media. Filtration ratings range from MERV 1 to MERV 16, measuring particle capture efficiency at 0.3 to 10 micrometers. Proper filtration protects HVAC equipment and improves indoor air quality.
Filter Types and Performance
MERV 8 filters capture 20% of particles in the 3 to 10 micrometer range. MERV 13 filters capture 75%, while MERV 16 filters capture 95%. Disposable fiberglass filters cost $5 to $15 but offer basic protection. Pleated and electrostatic filters range from $15 to $40 and provide superior filtration with lower pressure drop and longer lifespan of 6 to 12 months.
System Maintenance
Regular filter replacement prevents airflow restriction, system overwork, and reduced cooling capacity. Clogged filters increase energy consumption by 5% to 15%. Technicians recommend monthly inspections and replacement every 1 to 3 months depending on household dust levels, pet presence, and air quality needs.