A setpoint is the target temperature that an HVAC system maintains by automatically activating heating or cooling equipment when the actual temperature deviates from this desired value. The system continuously compares the current temperature to the setpoint and adjusts operation to achieve and maintain the target condition. Setpoints are measured in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius and serve as the reference point for all temperature control decisions.
Control Mechanism
When indoor temperature falls below the heating setpoint, the furnace activates until the setpoint is reached. Conversely, when temperature exceeds the cooling setpoint, the air conditioning system engages. Most systems maintain a deadband of 1 to 2 degrees Fahrenheit between heating and cooling setpoints to prevent short cycling and unnecessary equipment operation.
Practical Application
Setpoints can be fixed at one temperature or adjusted manually throughout the day. Setting a heating setpoint of 68 degrees Fahrenheit and a cooling setpoint of 76 degrees Fahrenheit is typical for residential comfort. Lower setpoints in winter and higher setpoints in summer reduce energy consumption by 1 to 3 percent per degree of adjustment.