A lithium bromide chiller is an absorption cooling system that uses lithium bromide salt solution as the refrigerant absorbent paired with water as the working fluid. This configuration is one of the most common absorption chiller types in commercial HVAC applications, operating without moving refrigerant compressors. The system achieves cooling capacities ranging from 100 to 3,000 tons and operates at approximately 40-45°F chilled water temperatures.
Technical Details
Lithium bromide chillers function through a thermochemical cycle where lithium bromide solution absorbs water vapor in the evaporator, creating the cooling effect. The system requires heat input of 10,000-12,000 BTU per ton of cooling at full load efficiency. Operating pressures remain below atmospheric, typically 0.5-2 psia, which eliminates compressor wear and extends equipment life to 20-30 years.
Applications and Practical Significance
These chillers excel in facilities with available waste heat or thermal energy sources such as district heating systems, natural gas burners, or steam. Hotels, hospitals, and data centers frequently deploy lithium bromide chillers due to their reliability and quiet operation. The systems offer superior part-load efficiency compared to electric chillers, making them ideal for variable cooling demand environments and facilities pursuing LEED certification.