Active design uses mechanical systems including HVAC equipment, controls, and renewable energy technology to condition building spaces and generate on-site power. Unlike passive strategies that rely on building envelope and natural forces, active design employs powered equipment such as air handlers, heat pumps, variable refrigerant flow systems, and solar panels. Active systems provide precise control over temperature, humidity, and air quality.
Technical Details
Active systems include electric or gas furnaces, air conditioning units rated SEER 14 or higher, variable-speed compressors, demand-controlled ventilation using CO2 sensors, and smart thermostats. Heat recovery ventilation (HRV) and energy recovery ventilation (ERV) systems capture 50 to 80 percent of exhaust heat. Building automation systems optimize equipment operation based on occupancy, weather, and time-of-use energy rates.
Practical Significance
Active design enables comfort maintenance in any climate and supports indoor air quality standards like ASHRAE 62.1. When integrated with passive strategies and renewable energy sources, active systems reduce operational carbon emissions while ensuring consistent performance regardless of outdoor conditions.