An evaporative cooler, also called a swamp cooler, reduces air temperature by 10-30°F through water evaporation into circulating air without mechanical refrigeration. These devices consume 75-90% less energy than traditional air conditioning systems, making them cost-effective in arid climates with low humidity levels. Evaporative coolers are ideal for residential and light commercial applications in southwestern United States regions.
Operating Principles
Outside air passes through wet pads or media where water evaporation lowers air temperature while increasing humidity. The cooled air is then distributed throughout the space via ductwork. Cooling capacity ranges from 2,000 to 15,000 CFM in residential units and up to 50,000 CFM in commercial applications. Water consumption typically measures 5-20 gallons per hour during operation.
Climate Suitability
Evaporative coolers function most effectively in regions with wet bulb temperatures below 55°F and relative humidity below 40%. Performance degrades significantly in humid climates above 60% relative humidity. Effective cooling approaches ambient wet bulb within 5-7°F, making them unsuitable for tropical or coastal regions.
Maintenance and Limitations
Seasonal maintenance includes pad replacement, mineral deposit cleaning, and pump servicing. Hard water requires frequent maintenance. These systems cannot control humidity levels or provide heating, and require 100% fresh outside air intake annually.