A fire damper is a safety device installed in ductwork that automatically closes to prevent fire and smoke from spreading through the HVAC system during a building fire. These dampers are fusible-link or electrically operated mechanisms that seal ducts when temperature exceeds 165°F to 212°F, depending on the model and code requirements. Fire dampers are required by building codes in most jurisdictions.
Installation and Design
Fire dampers must be installed at every penetration through fire-rated walls and floors where ducts pass through. They are typically 12 inches or less in width and must maintain their fire rating, usually 1.5 to 3 hours. Access doors for inspection and maintenance are required within 12 inches of each fire damper.
Compliance and Maintenance
Annual inspection and testing ensure proper operation. Many jurisdictions require certification by a licensed contractor. Fire dampers cannot be adjusted or removed without written approval, and any damage requires immediate replacement to maintain code compliance and building safety.