Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) refers to the air quality within and around buildings, with particular focus on health and comfort of occupants. Poor IAQ is linked to headaches, fatigue, respiratory problems, and in severe cases, serious illness.
Common IAQ pollutants include: particulate matter (dust, pollen, pet dander), volatile organic compounds (VOCs from paints, cleaners, and furniture), carbon dioxide (elevated levels cause drowsiness), carbon monoxide (from combustion), mold spores, radon, and biological contaminants.
HVAC systems play a central role in IAQ. Regular filter replacement (MERV 11-13 for allergy sufferers), UV air purifiers, ERVs/HRVs for fresh air exchange, and humidity control (35-50% RH target) all significantly improve IAQ. ASHRAE Standard 62.2 sets minimum ventilation requirements for residential buildings.