A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight directly into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells. Solar panels are the fundamental building blocks of solar energy systems, typically measuring 17.5 square feet and weighing 40-50 pounds. They are installed on rooftops or ground-mounted arrays to capture solar radiation and generate direct current (DC) electricity.
Technical Details
Modern residential solar panels produce between 300-400 watts under standard test conditions (STC). A typical panel contains 60-72 photovoltaic cells connected in series, with an efficiency rating of 15-22%. The panel’s glass front protects the cells while allowing 90% light transmission, while the aluminum frame provides structural support and grounding.
Installation and Performance
Solar panels must be positioned at an optimal angle based on geographic location, typically 30-35 degrees in northern climates. Performance degrades approximately 0.5% per year due to weathering and cell degradation. Most manufacturers warrant panels for 25 years, guaranteeing 80% output after that period. Proper installation requires roof assessment, electrical integration, and compliance with local building codes.