A solar thermal array is a group of interconnected solar collectors arranged to absorb solar radiation and transfer heat to a fluid circulation system. Arrays are configured in series or parallel arrangements to meet specific heating demands, from residential water heating to commercial space conditioning systems.
Configuration and Performance
Series-connected collectors provide higher outlet temperatures but reduced flow rates; parallel arrangements increase total flow while maintaining lower temperatures. Array sizing typically ranges from 20-60 square feet for residential applications to 500+ square feet for commercial installations. Performance output varies from 40,000 to 200,000 BTU per day depending on array size, orientation, and climate.
Installation and Control
Arrays require proper roof orientation (typically south-facing at latitude ±15°), minimal shading, and structural support rated for wind loads up to 120 mph. Temperature and flow controls regulate circulation between the array and storage system to maximize efficiency across varying solar conditions.
System Integration
Solar thermal arrays work with heat exchangers, expansion tanks, and backup heating systems. Proper piping design minimizes pressure drops and maintains uniform flow distribution across all collectors.