Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are carbon-containing chemicals that evaporate at room temperature and contribute to indoor air quality problems. Common sources include paints, adhesives, cleaning products, and furnishings. VOC concentrations typically range from 0.3 to 3.0 mg/m³ in homes, though levels can exceed 10 mg/m³ shortly after renovations or new construction.
Sources and Health Effects
VOCs off-gas from building materials, furniture, and consumer products over weeks or months. Exposure causes eye irritation, headaches, and respiratory discomfort. The EPA identifies formaldehyde, benzene, and toluene as particularly concerning VOCs in residential settings.
Control and Mitigation
HVAC systems reduce VOC levels through increased outdoor air ventilation, typically 15-20 CFM per person per ASHRAE 62.2 standards. Activated carbon filters and photocatalytic oxidation devices provide additional VOC removal. Building material selection, curing periods before occupancy, and source control remain the most effective prevention methods.