An HVAC zoning system divides a building into multiple independently controlled areas (zones), each with its own thermostat. This allows different areas to be heated or cooled to different temperatures simultaneously, eliminating the inefficiency of conditioning unoccupied spaces.
Zoning systems use motorized dampers installed in the ductwork that open or close to control airflow to each zone. A zone control panel coordinates the dampers with multiple thermostats and the HVAC equipment. Bypass dampers or variable-speed air handlers manage pressure when some zones are closed.
Zoning is particularly valuable in multi-story homes (upper floors are typically warmer), homes with large open spaces, buildings with different sun exposure on different sides, and homes where occupants have different temperature preferences. A properly designed zoning system can reduce HVAC energy consumption by 30% or more.